What is a recommended approach when disclosing a medical error to a patient to maintain trust while minimizing harm?

• A. Conceal details to avoid liability
• B. Acknowledge the error, apologize, explain what happened, discuss consequences and corrective actions, offer remedies, invite questions, document
• C. Shift blame to others
• D. Silence questions

Answer: (B)

Transparency after a medical error is essential for maintaining trust and reducing harm. The best approach is to acknowledge that an error occurred, offer a sincere apology, and explain what happened in clear, non-technical terms. It should include a discussion of the potential consequences for the patient and what is being done to address them, followed by concrete corrective actions and safeguards to prevent recurrence. Offering remedies or support as appropriate, inviting questions, and providing ongoing opportunities for communication helps the patient feel respected and involved. Documenting the disclosure in the medical record ensures accountability and continuity of care. This combination of honesty, empathy, and concrete follow-up supports healing, preserves the patient–clinician relationship, and reduces the likelihood of miscommunication or additional harm.

Concealing details to avoid liability undermines trust and can worsen outcomes; shifting blame or silencing questions prevents the patient from understanding what happened and what to expect next, increasing harm and eroding trust.