Which components comprise the OARS framework used in motivational interviewing?

• A. Observational assessment, Reconciliation, Appreciation, Summary
• B. Open questions, Acknowledgement, Reassurance, Support
• C. Open-ended questions, Affirmation, Reflective listening, Summary
• D. Objective data, Analysis, Review, Summary

Answer: (C)

The main idea tested is how motivational interviewing uses a set of four practical communication skills to engage the client and promote change: open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summaries. Open-ended questions invite fuller, exploratory responses rather than yes/no answers, helping the client articulate ambivalence and personal motivations. Affirmations acknowledge strengths, efforts, and progress, which builds confidence and rapport. Reflective listening involves restating or paraphrasing what the client has said, sometimes reflecting their feelings, to show understanding, validate emotions, and encourage further sharing. Summaries bring together the key points discussed, reinforce motivation, and link conversation to goals or next steps. Together, these elements create a collaborative, nonjudgmental conversation that supports exploring change and planning actions. The other options mix terms that aren’t part of this framework, such as observational assessment or reassurance, which don’t align with the four MI skills.