Which fracture is described as an incomplete break?

• A. Green-Stick fracture
• B. Transverse fracture
• C. Spiral fracture
• D. Avulsion fracture

Answer: (A)

An incomplete fracture means the bone is not broken all the way through. A Greenstick fracture fits this description because the bone bends and cracks on one side while the other side stays intact. This bending with a partial crack is why the fracture appears only on the convex side, resembling a green twig that hasn’t snapped completely.

This pattern is common in children, whose bones are more pliable, allowing a bend with a buckle or crack rather than a full cross‑bone break. In adults, the same force more often causes a complete fracture because the bones are less flexible. Other fracture types involve full separation: a transverse fracture goes straight across the bone, a spiral fracture twists around the bone, and an avulsion fracture pulls off a fragment at a tendon or ligament attachment. These describe complete breaks rather than the partial crack seen in Greenstick fractures.